MISILES

Onyx escribió:VYMPEL ESE TRABAJO CITADO QUE PUSE EN NEGRITAS ES EL MIO, TRABAJE CON JOSHI EN LA ULA FAC, CIENCAS, FISICA.

EN EL ESTA UN CIRCUITO DE AMPLIFICACIÓN DE SEÑALES CON UN PREAMPLIFICADOR, AMPLIFICADOR, LOOKING Y EL DETECTOR DE INFRARROJO USADO FUE MI CRISTAL DE CuInTe2
TODAVIA LO TENGO Y PUEDO SINTETIXAR Y CRECR CUALQUIER CRISTAL, MI TECNOLOGIA ES PROPIA EN TODAS LAS TECNICAS DE CRECIMIENTO.

Chaco escribió:Amigo Gerardo, la verdad será porque HDC siempre tendríamos la superioridad aérea, pero particularmente creo que es más que conveniente para ser utilizado por el ejército para acompañar al Huracán Blindado, donde podríamos utilizar 40 AMX-30V y colcharles esas torretas he iríamos va que chuta. Porque como que el AMX-13 es muy pequeño.

jc65 escribió:A pesar de que el objetivo es el mismo, las diferencias de filosofias de diseño de ambos misiles son enormes, y es lo interesante de su analisis.

Lo primero que salta a la vista es el metodo de lanzamiento, mientras que el 9M331 es catapultado en forma vertical, para luego el mismo posicionarse en direccion al objetivo, el 57e6 debe ser direccionado en la direccion e inclinacion del objetivo, para luego ser expulsado de su tubo contenedor cilindrico.

Cual es mejor, espero sus opiniones al respecto...

En cuanto a caracteristicas fisicas, el 9M331 pesa unos 167 Kg y es un cuerpo cilindrico entero (una sola etapa), con un motor de dos fases, la primera o booster dura unos 4 segundos y lleva el misil a unos 800 m/s, para luego entrar en la etapa de mantenimiento por unos 6 o 7 segundos mas, para una velocidad maxima de 850 m/s, luego el misil sigue su trayecoria controlada por inercia desacelerando rapidamente.

El 57e6 pesa unos 76 kg, y esta constituido por 2 etapas, la primera o booster dura encendida unos 2 segundos y lanza al misil a la asombrosa velcidad hipersonica de 1300 m/s, para luego desprenderse y caer, de forma que la segunda etapa o dardo continua su viaje por pura inercia, pero presentando un perfil muy aerodinamico (solo 90mm de diametro) de forma que desacelera en forma lenta (se indica 40 m/s por cada Km)

Es de notar que 1300 m/s es facil de decir, pero dificil de imaginar, como referncia la bala de un revolver puede alcanzar unos 600 m/s, de un fusil 750 m/s, de un cañon antiaereo unos 1000 m/s.

Ambas filosofias presentan ventajas y desventajas...

Pantsir-S1 carries up to twelve 57E6 or 57E6-E two-stage solid fuel radio-command-guided surface-to-air missiles in sealed ready-to-launch containers. Missiles are arranged into two six-tube groups on the turret. The missile has a bicalibre body in tandem configuration. The first stage is a booster, providing rapid acceleration within the first 2 seconds of flight, after it is separated from the sustainer-stage. The sustainer is the highly agile part of the missile and contains the high explosive multiple continuous rod and fragmentation warhead, contact and proximity fuses as also radio transponder and laser responder to be localised for guidance. The missile is not fitted with seeker to keep target engagement costs low. Instead high-precision target and missile tracking is provided via the systems multiband sensor system and guidance data is submitted via radio link for up to four missiles in flight. Missiles can be fired in at up to four targets but more often in salvos of two missiles at one target. Missile is believed to have a hit probability of 70-95% and have a 15 year storage lifetime in its sealed containers. Pantsir-S1 combat vehicles can fire missiles on the move.

jc65 escribió:Saludos...

A Gerardo:
Ciertamente la alta velocidad es un arma de doble filo,, pues te permite alcanzar el objetivo rapidamente, quizas antes de que empieze a maniobrar, pero una vez en las cercanias del mismo, es desventajoso para las maniobras, de ahi el uso de sistemas de empuje por reaccion de misiles modernos (y costosos) como el Aster, el 9m96 o el PAC 3 del Patriot.

A Cevarez:
Si bien el texto en ingles que presentas indica que la etapa 2 o dardo como yo la llamo, es "sustainer", esto no es así en el sentido de que tenga propelente alguno, esta depende exclusivamente de la inercia impartida por el booster, como prueba un cutaway de esa etapa, y una foto quiza mas ilustrativa pero del tunguska del que se deriva.

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En ambas, la sustancia amarilla es el explosivo de la cabeza de guerra, y no hay espacio para propelente.

Es por ello es que una vez que estos misiles maniobran pierden velocidad (y energia) que no recuperaran, en cambio el misil del tor si puede hacerlo parcialmente.

9M311 and 57E6 Surface to Air Missiles and 2A38 Gun

The 2K22 / 96K6 / SA-19 / SA-22 systems use variants of one basic missile and one basic gun design.

The missile designs are all derivatives of the two stage command link guided 9M311 weapon. This is a 42 kg launch weight missile, with a low smoke motor intended to avoid problems with optical/infrared tracking of targets and laser rangefinding. The second terminal kill stage is unpowered and relies on kinetic energy imparted by the boost stage, the design strategy intended to minimise the dead weight and drag of the kill stage. Average missile speed is cited at 600 m/s (~Mach 2), and the weapon has a cited capability to engage targets manoevring at 5-7G, although this is not consistent with the cited 18G capability of the missile.

Early variants of the missile use a laser proximity fuse, later variants a radio proximity fuse, with a blast fragmentation warhead. The fuse is triggered ~5 metres from the target. An impact fuse is also provided, with the proximity fuse disabled for shots against surface targets.

The principal differences between the production 57E6 missile, and earlier 9M311 and 9M335, are the use of a larger booster and filament wound composite casings replacing light metal alloys, and the introduction of a larger and more lethal expanding rod warhead. The higher impulse of the propulsion system, and lighter missile structure, result in greater range and velocity compared to the 2K22 / SA-19 missile system.

All missiles are ejected from the launch tube / storage container by a gas generator cartridge, with the booster ignited once the missile has cleared a safe distance. Aerodynamic canard controls are employed for the second stage. Russian sources claim the use of a ram air generator to power the missile electronics, but there is not visible evidence of conventionl vanes for this purpose.

The 57E6 missile weighs 71 kg at launch, of which 20 kg is the warhead section. Booster burn duration is 1.5 seconds, accelerating the missile to 1220 metres/s. The cited velocity profile for the 57E6-E export variant is 900 metres/s at 12 km and 700 metres/s at 18 km range.

The 90 mm diameter expanding rod warhead uses 5 kg of explosive filler, and employs 47 rods of 5 mm diameter and 770 mm length. This is intended to provide a 100 percent probability of hitting a coplanar target at a range of up to 6 metres, and a 65 percent probability of hitting a coplanar target at a range of 9 metres. The warhead is designed to produce ~700 2.8 gram fragments, and ~2,260 0.9 gram fragments. The radar proximity fuse range is cited at 9 metres.

Export 57E6-E missile rounds employ a longer burn duration booster which has raised the peak velocity to 1,300 metres/s. These rounds have a launch weight of 75.7 kg.

Missile rounds for domestic Russian PVO use are designated the 95Ya6 series, with the current block designated the 95Ya6.04. These missiles are cited to have an effective range of 20 km and ceiling of 15 km, making them highly competitive against legacy area defence SAMs.

An improved SAM round for PVO use, believed to be the 23Ya6, is expected to soon be introduced. This weapon would appear to use the same terminal stage as the current 57E6/95Ya6 series, but introduces a longer and larger 210 mm diameter booster stage, versus the 170 mm diameter booster in current rounds. Russian sources suggest an ability to engage targets travelling at 1,850 metres/sec, against 1,000 metres/sec cited for the existing round. With higher kinetic energy the improved missile would reduce engagement times, and provide more G capability for endgame manoeuvres - otherwise a traditional weakness of command link and beam rising SAMs.

The 2A38 series 30 mm gun is a twin barrel revolver design with a belt feed and an electrical drive. The barrels are cooled using water or an anti-freeze fluid. The barrels can be elevated to +85º and depressed to -9º relative to the turret base. Cited total rate of fire for the 2K22 variant of the gun is 4060-4810 rds/min with a muzzle velocity of 960-980 m/sec. A range of shell types are available including tracers, HEI and fragmentation.